Education and Technology

*Gas Chromatography

The modern gas chromatography is described and includes gas supplies (air tanks, pure air generators, nitrogen and hydrogen generators), pressure controllers, flow controllers and flow programmers, together with injection devices for both packed and capillary columns. Special sampling techniques are discussed including retention gap sampling and solute focusing. The supports used in packed columns are given together with different packing procedures. The static and dynamic methods of coating capillary columns are also given, including the deposition of chiral stationary phases. The design and function of the four most common GC detectors are described, (the flame ionization detector, the nitrogen phosphorus detector, the electron capture detector and the katharometer). The basic design of the modern data acquisition and data processing systems are discussed including the scaling amplifier and the A/D convertor. General GC quantitative analysis is considered including derivatization procedures. Finally quantitative preparative GC is discussed and a series of application examples included.
*Gas Chromatography Detectors

Detector specifications are described including sensitivity, noise, response, pressure sensitivity, flow sensitivity, temperature sensitivity, dynamic range and linearity. Methods for the experimental determination of many of the specifications are included. The early gas chromatography detectors are mentioned and their history given. The detectors described in detail include the katharometer, the gas density balance, the flame ionization detector (with a detailed discussion on its design and fabrication), the nitrogen phosphorous detector, ionization detectors (includion different argon and helium ionization detectors) and the radioactivity detector. In addition, a further nine less common detectors are also described.

*Capillary Chromatography

The book starts with a short history of capillary columns and then discusses the essential apparatus for their use including, gas supplies, injection systems and column ovens. The preparation of capillary columns is then described including dynamic coating, static coating and capillary column connecting.techniques. Detector requirements for capillary columns are considered and the two commonly used detectors, the flame ionization detector and the nitrogen phosphorus detector discussed in detail. Capillary column theory is presented and such important parameters as optimum velocity and the column variance per unit length considered in detail and equations given. Practical aspects of the technique are described including back flushing techniques and heart cutting together with the apparatus necessary for these procedures. A number of applications of capillary columns are given, including the use chiral stationary phases, drug analysis and the use of high temperature stationary phases such as carborane.

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